Ethnomimetics, or 3D Technologies for the Science of the Concrete.This article presents an interdisciplinary program of research (I-Mat-MITI CNRS, anthropology/Material Science) proposing an approach of some traditional techniques and items from Native American societies. Since it is contextualized by a historical and critical anthropology analysis, the combined effort of the ethnographical survey and practical application is led by the concept of ethnomimetics, i.e. a way of reproducing facsimile objects based on ethnographical and historical precision as well as on the help of the 3D. As so, it might respond to several aspirations among indigenous people: repatriation of a precious item, exchange, sight for materials that have become rare or protected by law, promotion of cultural heritage and museum collections, revitalization of a lost-gone savoir-faire. Beyond the case of study and its geographical area, the ethnomimetic process, inspired by biomimetics, also consists in seeking in certain technical choices observed in Amerindian material cultures some solutions ad hoc in order to develop a sustainable engineering.