Three-dimensional active earth pressures
Résumé
A theoretical approach to evaluate the active earth pressures taking into account the three-dimensional effect is presented. The analysis considers the general case of a frictional and cohesive (c, φ) soil subjected to a vertical surcharge loading q acting on the ground surface. This approach is based on the kinematical method of the limit analysis theory. A translational soil-wall movement is considered in the present analysis. A three-dimensional kinematically admissible failure mechanism M1, composed of a single rigid block is proposed. This mechanism is an extension into three dimensions of the classical two-dimensional Coulomb mechanism. The three-dimensional active earth pressure coefficients Kaγ, Kac and Kaq representing the effect of soil weight, cohesion and surcharge loading are obtained by numerical optimisation. The numerical results so obtained show the influence of the different geometrical and mechanical characteristics on the three-dimensional active earth pressures.
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