The impacts of Persian Gulf water and ocean-atmosphere interactions on tropical cyclone intensification in the Arabian Sea - Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Marine Pollution Bulletin Année : 2023

The impacts of Persian Gulf water and ocean-atmosphere interactions on tropical cyclone intensification in the Arabian Sea

Résumé

During the last two decades, the number of tropical cyclone (TC) events in the Arabian Sea has increased dramatically, causing severe human and economic damage in Oman, Iran and Pakistan. Within this context, Gonu, Phet and Shaheen were the Arabian Sea's most destructive TCs on record, leading to a total of 6.07 billion USD in damages and 159 fatalities. Previous studies have mainly focused on atmospheric, sea surface temperature (SST) and anthropogenic impacts of TC generation and intensification. By contrast, oceanographic currents, Persian Gulf water outflow and the role of ocean-atmospheric interactions on the distribution of outflow water into the Arabian Sea, and their impacts on the TC intensification, are poorly understood. In order to address this issue, we use historical TC records, satellite data, atmospheric and oceanographic models to shed new light on the relationship between Persian Gulf water outflow and ocean currents on TC intensification in the Arabian Sea. The results demonstrate that water outflow depths are controlled by wind stress and upwelling intensity. Increased upwelling events due to the poleward movement of the monsoon belt have led to an increase in upper ocean salinity and heat content. Rapid TC intensification has increased noticeably since 2007 and more than 72% of cyclones have reached category 3 or more. We find that TC intensity is controlled by warm and saline (> 36.6 PSU) water distribution patterns, mediated by eddy and jet currents. Rapid intensification of pre-monsoon TCs occurred by tracking to the north and northwest, with most landfalls occurring during this period. Post-monsoon TCs generally affect the center and the southwest of the Arabian Sea. The TC risk manifests an increasing trend since 2007, therefore education programs via international platforms such as the International Ocean Institute (IOI) and UNESCO are required for the countries most at risk.
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Dates et versions

hal-03959955 , version 1 (27-01-2023)

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Majid Pourkerman, Nick Marriner, Sedigheh Amjadi, Razyeh Lak, Mohammadali Hamzeh, et al.. The impacts of Persian Gulf water and ocean-atmosphere interactions on tropical cyclone intensification in the Arabian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2023, 188, pp.114553. ⟨10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114553⟩. ⟨hal-03959955⟩
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